Amelia Earhart (1192 words) Essay Example For Students

Amelia Earhart (1192 words) Essay Amelia EarhartAmelia Mary Earhart was conceived on July 24, 1897 in Atchison, Kansas. She was thedaughter of a railroad lawyer and had a more youthful sister named Muriel. Amelia was atomboy and was constantly keen on learning. She was taught at Columbia Universityand Harvard Summer School. She instructed English to outsider assembly line laborers. DuringWorld War I, Amelia was a volunteer in a Red Cross medical clinic. Amelia knew about a lady pilot, Neta Snook, who gave flying exercises. She had herfirst exercise on January 2, 1921. On July 24, 1921, Amelia got her first plane, aprototype of the Kinner plane and named it â€Å"The Canary.†In 1928, she acknowledged the greeting of the American pilots Wilmer Stultzman andLouis Gordon to go along with them on a transoceanic flight, turning into the primary lady to make thecrossing via air She depicted the trip in a book she composed, 20 Hours. 40 Minutes. Afterthat flight, Amelia made a vocation of flying. Flying was another idea and the business searched for approaches to improve itsimage. In 1921, Amelia was selected Assistant to the General Traffic Manager andTranscontinental Air Transport (TWA) with an extraordinary duty of drawing in womenpassengers. Amelia sorted out a crosscountry air race for ladies pilots in 1929, the LosAngeles to Cleveland Women’s Air Derby, later called the â€Å"Powder Puff Derby.† Ameliaplaced third in this race. After the race, Amelia had a gathering in her lodging inCleveland with other ladies pilots. She framed a women’s pilot association called theâ€Å"Ninety-Nines† on account of the ninety-nine candidates. She filled in as the organization’sfirst president. Amelia kept on working for TWA and was composing normal articles forCosmopolitan and different magazines, and had talking commitment in numerous urban areas acrossthe nation. In 1930, she broke a few women’s speed records in her Lockheed Vega airplane. In 1931, she composed a book about those energizing encounters called Its Fun. By early1932, no other individual had effectively flown solo over the Atlantic Ocean since CharlesLindbergh. Amelia concluded she would be the main lady to fly solo over the Atl antic. She would not copy Lindbergh’s course, however would fly from Harbor Grace,Newfoundland and the British Isles would be her goal. On May 20, 1932, precisely five years after the Lindbergh flight, Amelia’s modifiedLockheed Vega started the excursion. Since she didn't drink espresso or tea, she would keepawake by utilizing smelling salts. All she took with her to eat and drink on this excursion waswater, soup, and tomato juice. Amelia broke a few records on this flight. She was thefirst lady to fly over the Atlantic Ocean solo, the main individual to fly it twice, it was thelongest relentless separation flown by a lady, and the flight set a precedent for intersection theAtlantic in the briefest time. At the point when Amelia came back to New York after her well known flight, she was regarded by aticker tape march. President Roosevelt gave her the Special Gold Medal fromthe National Geographic Society. Respects of numerous sorts were given to Amelia, too askeys to numerous urban areas in the United States. The United States Congress granted her withthe Distinguished Flying Cross. Amelia was casted a ballot as Woman of the Year which sheaccepted in the interest everything being equal. Amelia’s next endeavor would be a transpacific departure from Hawaii to California,then on the Washington D.C. Ten pilots had just lost their lives endeavoring thiscrossing. She left Wheeler Field in Honolulu and arrived in Oakland, California to acheering horde of thousands. After this flight, Amelia was occupied out and about almostnon-stop with her talk visits. During this time, she acknowledged an arrangement at PurdueUniversity in Indiana. She would be an advisor in the Department for the Study ofCareers for Women. .u0f6e4272cd9cf62436023a841b3cb500 , .u0f6e4272cd9cf62436023a841b3cb500 .postImageUrl , .u0f6e4272cd9cf62436023a841b3cb500 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u0f6e4272cd9cf62436023a841b3cb500 , .u0f6e4272cd9cf62436023a841b3cb500:hover , .u0f6e4272cd9cf62436023a841b3cb500:visited , .u0f6e4272cd9cf62436023a841b3cb500:active { border:0!important; } .u0f6e4272cd9cf62436023a841b3cb500 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u0f6e4272cd9cf62436023a841b3cb500 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u0f6e4272cd9cf62436023a841b3cb500:active , .u0f6e4272cd9cf62436023a841b3cb500:hover { obscurity: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u0f6e4272cd9cf62436023a841b3cb500 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u0f6e4272cd9cf62436023a841b3cb500 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-adornment: underline; } .u0f6e4272cd9cf62436023a841b3cb500 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u0f6e4272cd9cf62436023a841b3cb500 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-embellishment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0f6e4272cd9cf62436023a841b3cb500:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u0f6e4272cd9cf6243 6023a841b3cb500 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u0f6e4272cd9cf62436023a841b3cb500-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u0f6e4272cd9cf62436023a841b3cb500:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Research Paper EssayLater in 1935, Amelia started to make arrangements for an around the globe flight. Thisflight would be two significant firsts. She would be the main lady to fly around the worldand she would venture to every part of the longest conceivable separation, 29,000 miles, following a course aroundthe equator. Frederick Noonan, a previous Pan Am Airlines pilot was picked as theflight’s guide since he knew about the Pacific zone. The plane picked for theflight was the Lockheed Electra 10E. The main leg of their excursion would be fromOakland, California to Hawaii on March 17, 1935. In Hawaii, Amelia had an acciden tduring take-off from Luke Field close to Pearl Harbor. A lot of harm was done tothe plane. On June 1, 1937, Amelia and Frederick Noonan left Miami, Florida to once againbegin their around the globe flight. After numerous stops in South America, Africa, the India,and Southeast Asia, they showed up at Lae, New Guinea on June 29. Around 22,000 miles ofthe venture had been finished and there were 7,000 miles more to go, every one of them overthe Pacific Ocean. Photographs taken at Lae show Amelia looking exceptionally drained and sick. On July 2, 1937 at 00:00 Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), Amelia and Fredericktook off from Lae with 1,000 gallons of fuel, considering 20-21 hours of flying time. Their planned goal was Howland Island, a little real estate parcel a couple of miles long,twenty feet high, and 2,556 miles away. The Coast Guard shaper Itasca was positioned nearHowland Island and was allocated to speak with Amelia’s plane and guide her tothe island. A few short radio transmissions were gotten by the Itasca, yet they wereunable to get a fix on her area in light of the fact that the radio contact had been excessively concise. At 19:30GMT, right around twenty hours into the flight, the accompanying transmission was gotten fromthe Electra; â€Å"KHAQQ calling Itasca. We should be on you, yet can't see yougasrunning low† . Following six hours of attempting to speak with the Electra, all contactwas lost. A hunt by the Navy and Coast Guard was sorted out and no physical proof ofthe Electra or of Amelia Earhart or Frederick Noonan was ever found. Over the years,many unsubstantiated sightings have been accounted for and there are numerous hypotheses of their destiny. A portion of those speculations are that Amelia was an on a covert operative crucial by PresidentRoosevelt and was caught; that she deliberately dove her airplane into the Pacific; theywere caught by the Japanese, Noonan was executed and Earhart was constrained tobroadcast to the American GI’s as â€Å"Tokyo Rose† during World War II; and anothertheory is that Amelia lived for a considerable length of time on an island in the South Pacific with a nativefisherman. In 1961 it was imagined that the bones of Earhart and Noonan had been foundon the island of Saipan, yet they ended up being those of Saipan locals. In 1992, asearch party announced discovering leftovers of the Electra at Nikumaroro, Kiribati, however thoseclaims were questioned by individuals who dealt with Earhart’s plane. Explores accept thatthe plane came up short on fuel and that Earhart and Noonan kicked the bucket adrift. Amelia Earhart burned through a large portion of her lifetime building up the changeless job ofwomen in flight. She turned into a universal champion for the time being as the primary lady tofly over the Atlantic Ocean. Amelia’s vanishing is as yet a riddle, yet her enduringlegacy remains. Book Reports

The True Meaning of the American Dream Essay Example for Free

The True Meaning of the American Dream Essay The American Dream has been about a more prominent national vision, anyway as time has advanced, the American Dream has moved from a more noteworthy national vision to singular material achievement. These social parts of the American Dream supplement one another and have a basic relationship. One regularly â€Å"†¦winces a bit†¦Ã¢â‚¬  at the expression the American Dream â€Å"†¦ in light of the fact that it has become such a clichã ©.† (Source 7) Everyone doesn't have the foggiest idea about the genuine significance of the American Dream since one deciphers it in their own particular manner. However, the genuine importance of the American Dream is that it is the fantasy of chance. The American Dream emphasizes a more noteworthy national vision since it is the open door for something that won't just advantage you, however it will likewise profit others. â€Å"It isn't a fantasy of engine vehicles and high wages merely†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Source 1). A more prominent national vision gives the American Dream a more profound significance. For instance as per Martin C. Jischke (Source 1)’ James Truslow Adams perspective on the American Dream is that it is a â€Å"dream of a land where life ought to be better and more extravagant and more full for everybody, with open door for each as indicated by capacity or achievement.† The American Dream is in excess of a fantasy and with â€Å"†¦talent and hard work† (Source 3) one will undoubtedly discover opportunity anyplace on the planet. For once the American Dream â€Å"had implied something nobler† (Source 7), however after some time it has become the need for singular material achievement. At the point when one originates from a foundation of having nothing, he/she starts to get excited for progress and needs to get something for themselves. This enthusiasm makes them try sincerely and in the end they would have the option to â€Å"†¦improve their part in life†¦Ã¢â‚¬  as per W. Michael Cox and Richard Alm in By Our Own Bootstraps . There has been a huge number of individuals who didn't have a lot, however they before long turned out to be very notable around the globe. For example â€Å"Bill Gates in PC software†¦Oprah Winfrey in entertainment†¦Michael Jordan in sports†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Source 3) All of these individuals had the â€Å"opportunity† to become who they are today and they took that risk, yet just to get fruitful. These social parts of the American Dream supplement each other in light of the fact that each individual accomplishes their importance of the American Dream by first encountering singular material achievement, and afterward observing that it’s a more profound significance, which is the more noteworthy national vision. Martin C. Jishke would be the ideal case of how the social perspectives supplement each other on the grounds that after he had finished school, which nobody had ever done in his family, his significance of what the American Dream is turned into a more prominent national vision. He had seen that it was more to the American Dream than simply accomplishing your objective to just profit yourself. The hidden connection between these two social parts of the American Dream is that so as to know the more noteworthy national vision of it, you need to make singular material progress. Because of how the American Dream is deciphered numerous individuals accept that it doesn't exist any longer. Be that as it may, those individuals are enormously mixed up in light of the fact that it despite everything exists the significance has quite recently changed after some time. One would concur that as the years keep on passing by the meaning of the American Dream will change, however there will consistently be a fundamental connection between the old importance and the new significance. Nothing ever remains the equivalent.

139 DB wk8 ED Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

139 DB wk8 ED - Essay Example Also, the obligations of the budgetary administrator incorporate readiness of fiscal reports, directing money related administrations, observing incomes, foreseeing future patterns in business, checking the monetary framework and offering warning administrations to the top administration on the best systems of improving budgetary execution to guarantee the development and accomplishment of the association. These contrast from the bookkeepers whose job is to gather money related records, plan expense forms nearby other monetary records, screen and guarantee they are cutting-edge and in a consistence to the organization strategies and legitimate principles. By and by, while releasing their obligations, bookkeepers and budgetary administrator ought to consent to the codes of morals overseeing the arrangement of money related records. As the law requests, everything ought to be done in a straightforward way without duping the association and its partners. As I would see it, individuals got cognizant about straightforwardness after the mega scandalous bookkeeping embarrassment at Enron Inc was exposed in 2001. It was not until the senior administration, bookkeepers and reviewers were imprisoned for participating in deceitful bookkeeping exercises when bookkeepers began turning out to be

Nationalism The Three Elements of American Nationalism - 825 Words

Nationalism: The Three Elements of American Nationalism (Essay Sample) Content: NATIONALISMNameDateIntroductionNationalism remains a debatable concern with different political analysts taking divergent views on its definition. However, Nationalism can be collectively referred to as an affectionate and devotion to ones state. This article highlights the tenets on American nationalism. To begin with, American nationalism is denoted by the axiom and exquisite belief in the absolute supremacy and authority of the United States democratic values and ideals. The transcendence of the American Nationalism is a direct constraint to the reigning establishment which encompasses the Republican and the Democratic Parties (Bairner, 2001, 24).[Bairner, Alan. 2001. Sport, nationalism and globalization: European and North American perspectives. Albany: State Univ. of New York Press.] Nationalism rootsNationalism officially commenced in the eighteenth century when Americans began identifying and relating with their state in contrast to the preceding periods when they were relating to a city or a local state (Brown, 1966). This a basis on enlightenment, the transition on nationalism has revolved around episodes such as the French and the American Revolution where persons identified with state identities and loyalties to their state rather than being mere loyalties to the ruling monarchs (Essien-Udom, 1971).[Brown, Thomas N. 1966. Irish-American nationalism, 1870-1890. Philadelphia: Lippincott.] [Essien-Udom, E.U. 1971. Black nationalism: a search for an identity in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.] Nationalism DrawbacksHowever, despite the sweet spot elaborated on the aforementioned sentiments, nationalism has some drawbacks. To begin with, the United States has been quoted as the melting pot  and a state of immigrants (Featherstone, 1990). This may seem biased and fallacious since American identity is not based on a specific niche but in conformity and agreement to pursue common set of values regardless of ethnicity, religi on and race. The political arena of the past decade has emphasised the concern of e pluribus unum unravelling three distinct definitions of the American state that are more exclusively inclined than inclusive (Goodman, 2005).[Featherstone, Mike. 1990. Global culture: nationalism, globalization and modernity. London u.a: Sage Publ.] [Goodman, James. 2005. Nationalism and global solidarities: alternative projections to neoliberal globalisation. London: Routledge.] The three elements of American NationalismThe first lot refers to the unhyphenated Americans . For so long the American citizens have been questioned by Census Bureau to what state does a specific individual draw their ancestry or heritage? Among the statics evaluated among the whites, 14% are the English portion, 16% are the of the Irish origin and lastly 17% are of the German origin. However, roughly 1/12 of the Americans interviewed affirmed that they are simply Americans,  highlighting that an indigenous white iden tity unrelated to any specific European heritage or ancestry (Greenfeld, 1992).[Greenfeld, Liah. 1992. Nationalism: five roads to modernity. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.] The aforementioned unhyphenated spot light survey  points out that the topmost level of American  identity resonates among the whites residing on the rural regions and whose education hierarchy proves a constraint. A recently conducted survey unravels that whites linked to the unhyphenated  heritage or identity are mostly the participants in voting extremely conservatively and often are under external forces and threats from foreign entities (Kohn, 1957, 54).[Kohn, Hans. 1957. American nationalism an interpretative essay. New York: Macmillan.] The second lot is picked by the Christian Nationalists. The highest viral and vicious religious upheaval in the American politics arena is relative to the Establishment Claude and the prolonged doctrinal of the Protestant possession of an ethical nation (Krakau, 1997, 67). In this regard, Christian Nationalists have the topmost accordance with the four creeds concerning the state of America: that is "holds a special place in God's plan;" that "God has chosen [America] to lead the world;" that the United States "was founded as a Christian nation;" and "it is important to preserve the nation's religious heritage." A deep research carried out by the Public Religion Research Institute unravelled that roughly sixty-two percent of Americans fully concur with the phrase that "God has granted America a special role in human history." This research further unravelled that fifty-two percent of the American participates merged with the phrase that "believing in God." Lastly, a thirty-three percent affirmed that "being a Christian" was an essential and critical aspect of being truly American." However, this study further affirmed that the sentiments offered concerning Christian Nationalists are heavily reliant with a Biblical perspective and literalism (Ordover, 2003). This implied that concurrence with this assertions were strongly anti-Islamic opinions among the American residents. The political arena in this regard affirms a degree of uncertainly cluttered with vast queries concerning the degree and the intensity of Christianization. [Krakau, Knud. 1997. The American nation, national identity, nationalism. Munster: Lit.] [Ordover, Nancy. 2003. American eugenics: race, queer anatomy, and the science of nationalism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.] Lastly, the last lot is occupied by the New Nationalists. The term New Nationalism  was crafted by Michael Lind in the 1900s who interpreted and epitomized it to an aristocratic white reign. Under the curtains of the New Nationalists, the white aristocrats converge into a private realm which encompasses individual institutions such as schools, healthcare, suburbs and security (Smith, 2010). The New Nationalism is highly narrowed to the American bootstrap id eology.  The constraint with such an ideology is that it is reliant on individuals property liberties and responsibilities. The New Nationalists diverge and overly differ with the Christian Nationalists at distinct levels and in core beliefs. The New Nationalists, however, have some converging aspects and beliefs with the unhyphenated Americans. Societies adopting these indifferences reside mostly in the northern part of Virginia.[Smith, Anthony D. 2010. Nationalism: theory, ideology, history. Cambridge, UK: Polity.] It is most significant to note that that the aforementioned precepts of American Nationalism have common aspects. The three precepts bring forth the identity elements of religious, wealth or ethnical identity. The three elements override each other, mostly via ...

The Provinces of the Roman Empire (Circa 120 CE)

Roman provinces (Latin proviniciae, singular provincia) were administrative and territorial units of the Roman Empire, established by various emperors as revenue-generating territories throughout Italy and then the rest of Europe as the empire expanded. The governors of the provinces were often selected from men who had been consuls (Roman magistrates), or former praetors (the chief justice of magistrates) could also serve as governor. In some places such as Judaea, the comparatively lower ranking civil prefects were appointed the governor. The provinces provided a source of income for the governor and resources for Rome. Varying Borders The number and borders of the provinces under Roman rule changed nearly constantly as conditions altered in the various locations. During the latter period of the Roman Empire known as the Dominate, the provinces were each broken into smaller units. The following are the provinces at the time of Actium (31 BCE) with the dates (from Pennell) they were established (not the same as the date of acquisition) and their general location. Sicilia (Sicily, 227 BCE)Sardinia and Corsica (227 BCE)Hispania Citerior (eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula, 205 BCE)Hispania Ulterior (southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula, 205 BCE)Illyricum (Croatia, 167 BCE)Macedonia (mainland Greece, 146 BCE)Africa (modern Tunisia and western Libya, 146 BCE)Asia (modern Turkey, 133 BCE)Achaia (southern and central Greece, 146 BCE)Gallia Narbonensis (southern France, 118 BCE)Gallia Citerior (80 BCE)Cilicia (63 BCE)Syria (64 BCE)Bithynia and Pontus (northwestern Turkey, 63 BCE)Cyprus (55 BCE)Cyrenaica and Crete (63 BCE)Africa Nova (eastern Numidia, 46 BCE)Mauritania (46 BCE) Principate The following provinces were added under the emperors during the Principate: Rhaetia (Switzerland, Austria, and Germany, 15 BCE)Noricum (parts of Austria, Slovenia, Bavaria, 16 BCE)Pannonia (Croatia, 9 BCE)Moesia (Danube river region of Serbia, the Republic of Macedonia, and Bulgaria, 6 CE)Dacia (Transylvania, 107 CE)Britannia (Britain, 42 CE)Aegyptus (Egypt, 30 BCE)Cappadocia (central Turkey, 18 CE)Galatia (central Turkey, 25 BCE)Lycia (43 BCE)Judaea (Palestine, 135 CE)Arabia (Nabataea, 106 CE)Mesopotamia (Iraq, 116 CE)Armenia (114 CE)Assyria (disagreement on location, 116 CE) Italian Provinces Latium et Campania (Regio I)Apulia et Calabria (Regio II)Lucania et Bruttium (Region III)Samnium (Regio IV)Picenum (Region V)Tuscia et Umbria (Regio VI)Etruria (Regio VII)Aemilia (Regio VIII)Liguria (Regio IX)Venetia et Ager Gallicus (Regio X)Transpadana (Regio XI) Sources Pennell RF. 1894. Ancient Rome: From the Earliest Times Down to 476 A.D. Project Guttenberg.. Smith W. 1872. A dictionary of Greek and Roman Google Books. geography, Volume 2.

Exploration of Shakespeares Views on Kingship Through...

Exploration of Shakespeares Views on Kingship Through Macbeth Works Cited Not Included Macbeth was written by William Shakespeare in around 1606 and is Shakespeares shortest tragedy. He wrote Macbeth whilst James I was on the throne. James believed strongly in divine right. This may have helped Shakespeares views on kingship. In Macbeth there are four kings: Edward of England; Duncan; Malcolm and Macbeth. Of these four only Macbeth did not rule by divine right as he murdered the previous king so as to gain the throne. Also of these four only Macbeth can be described as a†¦show more content†¦He later betrays his country by swapping sides in battle. Duncan also has the disadvantage of being quite old. He is too weak to lead his army into war and has to rely on the Thanes. He doesnt give his plans a lot of thought. Duncan approves of violence and in Macbeths case, rewards it. The other characters in Macbeth greatly respect Duncan. Even Macbeth talks highly of Duncan both before and after Duncans death. People know that Duncan is a great king and hence he is treated with utmost respect. In Act 1 Scene 2 Ross says, god save the king. I believe that Duncan is also liked because when he speaks to people he speaks with dignity and respect for them and he is not patronizing. A good example of this can be found in Act 1 Scene 2 line 24 when says to the sergeant, O valiant cousin! Worthy gentleman!. It is must be remembered however that at that time people believed in the divine right of king. The king was seen to be Gods representative on earth and therefore the king was almost sacred in peoples eyes. Macduff in Act 4 Scene 3 line 109 refers to Duncan as a most sainted king. Even Lady Macbeth in Act 1 Scene 6 respects Duncan by saying to him, at your highnesses pleasure. Overall I believe that Shakespeare wants to portray Duncan as a good king. He bestows on Duncan the virtues of being gracious, open,Show MoreRelated Kingship in Shakesperean Plays Essay2522 Words   |  11 PagesKingship in Shakesperean Plays Due to the powerful influence of the monarchy, the nature, duties and responsibilities of kingship were of particular interest to Shakespeare. The mark of a bad king was the decline of the political, social and economic climates, while the mark of a good king was the blossoming of such worlds. Therefore, the characteristics of the person occupying the kingship were crucial to the health of the nation. Shakespeare explores this issue in many of his plays by examiningRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare and Macbeth8813 Words   |  36 Pageshero was to be pitied in his fallen plight but not necessarily forgiven: Greek tragedy frequently has a bleak outcome. Christian drama, on the other hand, always offers a ray of hope; hence,  Macbeth  ends with the coronation of  Malcolm, a new leader who exhibits all the correct virtues for a king. Macbeth  exhibits elements that reflect the greatest Christian tragedy of all: the Fall of Man. In the Genesis story, it is the weakness of Adam, persuaded by his wife (who has in turn been seduced byRead MoreLiterary Group in British Poetry5631 Words   |  23 PagesThis is generally taken as marking the beginning of Anglo-Saxon poetry. Much of the poetry of the period is difficult to date, or even to arrange chronologically; for example, estimates for the date of the great epic Beowulf range from AD 608 right through to AD 1000, and there has never been anything even approaching a consensus.[2] It is possible to identify certain key moments, however. The Dream of the Rood was written before circa AD 700, when excerpts were carved in runes on the Ruthwell Cross

Dick Smith Group Collapse a Case Study in Electronics Retailing

Question: Discuss about theDick Smith Group Collapse Case. Answer: Reasons that Resulted in Collapse of Dick Smith Group Collapse of the Dick Smith Group has raised several questions on the area of accounting profession. Ample accounting reasons are held responsible for the failure of the group. He consequences of accounting treatment of rebates is an aspect of the collapse story of Dick Smith Group and for this reason will be undoubtedly be a centre of attention of additional questioning. Treating rebates inefficiently was considered a reason for its collapse (Zeff 2016). The accounting team of Dick Smith Group has been treating rebates in a way that has ultimately resulted in inflated earnings. Overstatement of the performance contributes to another reason. Such issues concerning the accounting standards interpretation took place within the entity and were deemed violation of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Moreover, International Forum of Independent Audit Regulators (IFIAR) has revealed an audit quality issue to be the result of the companys collapse. IFIAR was not yet satisfied about the fact that the company failed to address and understand the drawbacks in the quality of audit. Several other reasons those resulted in the collapse of the company includes ample strategic management blunders that encompass excessive purchasing of the inventories to fierce expansion, wrong selection of product and depending on excessive debt by the group (Dorminey et al. 2012). Moreover, Dick Smith Group was also alleged by the bank regarding breech of its borrowing agreements. Directors and officers of the Group encouraged or failed in controlling the practice of taking buying decisions concerning increasing rebates in inclination to a vital criteria like consumer demand and the capability to sell offerings within desired time to gain profit. Management Actions that Contributed To the Demise of the Group Earnings management serves as a strategy employed by the management of Dick Smith Group in deliberately manipulating its earnings to ensure that the earnings figure is aligned with its pre-determined target (Fang et al. 2015). Such practice is conducted for the income smoothing purpose. The management actions that contributed to the demise of the Dick Smith are: Inventory Management in Dick Smith Group- Dick Smith Groups inventory issues started to turn out to be apparent in the second half of 2015 and the end of the November, the company indicated that it would write down its inventories value by 20%. The company brought its inventory for estimating a particular sales level. However, it was observed that it did not attain the sales level and accordingly it declared clearance sale by decreasing prices of its old stock by 70% (Degeorge et al. 2013). The management of the company discovered alternative funding but they also gathered a view that success in attaining alternative funding that further was not observed to be in a timely manner for supporting the companys short term funding needs and facilitate it to order needed inventory over next few weeks. Due to such faulty management decision, Dick Smith struggled a lot in clearing out excess old inventory but it also faced considerable issues in attaining enough finance to acquire new stocks. Private Equity Floats are not considered the Way it seems- The function of a private equity group Anchorage Capital within the history of Dick Smith contributed to the collapse of the company. Anchorage purchases business of the Group and floated it within the Australian Securities Exchange that increased the companys cash flow and profitability. The management of the company implemented turnaround programs within a space of nine months focused on enhancing the companys cash flow (Weiss 2014). This resulted the company to claim that its initial public offering was observed to be drastically overvalued. Such valuations turned out to be clearly ridiculous which further contributed to the collapse of Dick Smith Group. Consumer Service Matters within the Competitive Market- The management of Dick Smith Company failed to offer efficient online services to its consumers. The group was alleged of not delivering online order even after several weeks and the service representatives did not address their complaints. Failure of the basics and fundamentals of the companys management functions has contributed to the demise of the company. Additionally, Dick Smith has experienced considerable enquiries from the market because of its decreasing share value (Carnegie and O'Connell 2012). Moreover, cash receipts were observed to be insufficient in addressing commitments. Excess dependence on rebate-driven inventory purchasing contributed as a major factor that resulted in mismanagement of the companys inventory and its collapse. In such case, increased discounts were required for selling the rebated stock that destroyed margin uplift that the rebate intended to attain. Stakeholders are the persons who have interest in the operations of a business and they are affected by the actions of the business. A company has several stakeholders. There are two kinds of stakeholders in a business. They are Internal Stakeholders and External Stakeholders. The same theory is applicable in the case of the retain company Dick Smith. In the company, there are several stakeholders who may have been affected by the business failure of the company. They are employees, creditors, debtors, shareholders, government and others. There are two groups of stakeholders those may have resulted in the fall of the companys profits. They are the employees of the company and the shareholders of the company. The details are given below: Employees are the heart of any company as the whole operation of the company depends on them. Employees are involved in the process of production to delivery of the product to the end customers. Thus, any company is wholly dependent on the employees. On the other hand, the company is the source of income of the employees. The get salary from the company in exchange of the service they provide to the business. Due to the fall of Dick Smith, employees may have affected the most as they will lose their job (Chang 2015). Another group of stakeholders who have been affected the most by the collapse is the shareholders of the company. They are also called the owners of the company. A lot of shareholders have invested their money in Dick Smith Company by looking at the healthy financial statement of the company. The collapse of the company has affected the share price of the company. As a result, it is bound to affect the shareholders wealth. As the failure of the company is a major one, the investors have lost the whole amount of money they have invested in the companys stock. On the other hand, there is no chance of recovering the money in the near future. Thus, this is a total loss of money for the investors or the shareholders of the company (Manigart and Wright 2013). There are enough reasons contribute to the cause of reaction to the accounting standard. As per the CPA Chief Executive Alex Malley, there are some codes of ethics which continuously monitor the accounting profession. This ethics suggest that the accountants should work according to the public interest. In the case of Dick Smith collapse, the two main reasons are mistreatment of rebates and the fault in auditing. On the other hand, the accountants of the company have not treated the revenue and the inventory of the company according to the accounting principles. This total process has been contributed to the wrong decision making of the company. In case of the auditors, they have not audited the financial statement of the company on the basis of public interest. Thus, the financial statement of the company did not reflect the real picture of the company. Hence, the accounting profession has failed to provide value and expertise in the business of Dick Smith (Addis 2016). Every profession has some major principles which help to provide better quality from the profession. The same is applicable for the accounting profession. There are some principles and conceptual frameworks in the accounting system. In case of Dick Smith, the professional accountants should consider the calculation of rebates to repair the damage. The miscalculation of the rebates from the suppliers has caused the accounting wrong for the company. Hence, the rebate should be calculated in the proper manner. On the other hand, the auditor should audit the financial report of the company correctly (Craig, Smieliauskas and Amernic 2014). Two suggestions are provided in the context of the collapse of Dick Smith Company. They are: All accountings of a company should be according to the accounting principles. There are various accounting principles available. The accounting calculations should follow those accounting rules and regulations. The accounting principles say that there is a code of ethics as well code of principles which must be followed while accounting. All material facts of the company should be correctly considered at the time of the preparation of financial report (Zadek, Evans and Pruzan 2013). Another suggestion is that the auditors should audit the reports neutrally. An auditor is a representative of the public. Thus, he should take this fact in mind while auditing. On the other hand, an auditor cannot make any ill agreement to the board of directors of the company. This is against the ethics of the audit (Smith 2014). Reference List Addis, J., 2016. Retail sector wrap: One opportunity and plenty of worry.Equity,30(3), p.6. Carnegie, G.D. and O'Connell, B.T., 2012. Understanding the responses of professional accounting bodies to crises: The case of the Australian profession in the 1960s.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,25(5), pp.835-875. Chang, P.L., 2015. The Abandoned Stakeholders: Pharmaceutical Companies and Research Participants.Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1-11. Craig, R., Smieliauskas, W. and Amernic, J., 2014. 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